Spanish
Spanish / español is a Romance language spoken in Spain / España, Latin America / América Latina, and the African nation of Equatorial Guinea, and elsewhere. As of 2021 it has about 500 million native speakers. It is an Ibero-Romance language, originating from the Iberian peninsula of Southern Europe. It is very similar to and closely related to its neighbour Portuguese. La lengua española is also known by natives as el castellano / Castilian. Which came first? It was Castilian, since the dialect that went on to become modern Spanish first emerged in the historic Spanish region of Castile / Castilla in the 8th century. Spanish is one of the world’s three most spoken native languages, placing second after Mandarin Chinese.
¡Hola! = Hello!
¿Cómo estás? = How are you?
¡Ayúdame! = Help me!
¿Por qué no? = Why not?
¿Cuántas personas hay? = How many people are there?
El español es una lengua romance. = Spanish is a Romance language.
La lengua española se habla en España. = The Spanish language is spoken in Spain.
¿Te gusta la lengua española? = Do you like the Spanish language?
¿De dónde eres? = Where are you from?
¿Cuántas lenguas extranjeras hablas? = How many foreign languages do you speak?
¿Qué estás pensando? = What are you thinking?
Este paisaje es hermoso. = This landscape is beautiful.
Eres la más guapa. = You are the most beautiful. (to a woman)
Portuguese
Portuguese / português is a Romance language spoken in Portugal / Portugal, Brazil / Brasil, and several African states. As of 2021 it has around 200 million native speakers. It is an Ibero-Romance language, along with Spanish. There is a high degree of mutual intelligibility between Spanish and Portuguese. The Portuguese language evolved out of a variety of Vulgar Latin that was spoken in the Iberian Peninsula, specifically in the Kingdom of Galicia and the County of Portugal. Differentiating them from their Hispanic neighbours, Portugal also has notable Celtic ancestry. Beyond the influence of Latin, the language that has had the biggest influence on both Spanish and Portuguese was Arabic, spoken by the North African Moors and Berbers who invaded the Iberian peninsula after Roman rule ceased.
Olá! = Hello!
Como está você? = How are you?
Ajuda-me! = Help me!
Por quê não? = Why not?
Quantas pessoas há? = How many people are there?
O português é uma língua românica. = Portuguese is a Romance language.
A língua portuguesa se fala em Portugal. = The Portuguese language is spoken in Portugal.
Você gosta da língua portuguesa? = Do you like the Portuguese language?
De onde você é? = Where are you from?
Quantas línguas estrangeiras fala você? = How many foreign languages do you speak?
O que você está pensando? = What are you thinking?
Esta paisagem é bela. = This landscape is beautiful.
Você é a mais bela. = You are the most beautiful. (to a woman)
Catalan
Catalan / català is a Romance language spoken in the east of Spain, in the regions of Catalonia / Catalunya and Valencia and in the Balearic Islands (Ibiza, Formentera, Mallorca and Menorca). It is also spoken in the Roussillon region of southern France and is the language of the microstate-principality of Andorra. It is also, randomly, spoken by a few tens of thousands of people in the city of Alghero, Sardinia. It is most closely related to the Occitan (occitan/lenga d’òc/provençal) language of southern France, of the French administrative region of Occitania, the microstate of Monaco and also spoken in border regions of Italy and Spain. Catalan and Occitan are classed sometimes as East Iberian languages, belonging to the Ibero-Romance category of the Western Romance branch along with Spanish and Portuguese. Others consider them to be Occitano-Romance languages, perhaps belonging instead to the Gallo-Romance category of the Western Romance branch along with French. It only has a few million speakers today, located in the above-mentioned regions.
Si = Yes
No = No
Hola = Hello
Adeu = Goodbye
Per favor = Please
Gràcies. = Thank you.
Com estàs? = How are you?
Quant costa? = How much is it?
Gaudi es el meu arquitecte favorit. = Gaudi is my favourite architect.
Va guanyar el Barça? = Did Barcelona FC win?
Una ampolla de cava, siusplau. = A bottle of Cava, please
T’estimo. = I love you
No em trobo gaire bé. = I feel a little ill
On son els lavabos? = Where are the toilets?
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